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December Webinars

The Western Front Association is offering two more of its popular webinars this December. To attend, please follow the link for each webinar to register.

From Plumstead to Palestine – Some Cockney War Stories,  Clive Harris
Monday 12 December, 8pm (UK time)
The size and story of London’s contribution in the Great War fades into the pages of history somewhat. This presentation charts the story of London’s regiments, its people and the city’s sacrifices.
To register for this event click here

The Russian Civil War and the Allied Intervention Force, Gordon Corrigan
Monday 19 December, 8pm (UK time)
In this presentation, Gordon will explain how the Russian civil war was supported by a British led Allied Intervention Force. This force included not only British but American, French, Czech and Japanese troops and the Royal Navy operating in the Baltic and the Black Sea and with gunboats on the rivers. 
To register for this event click here

Featured image by Wynn Pointaux from Pixabay

…if needs be to stop there for good.

My thanks go to Lucy London (of the excellent Forgotten Poets of the First World War site) for sending on this poem, and details of its author, written in 1915.

A Candid Opinion

Do we want to back to the trenches?
To get biscuits and bully to eat
To get caught by a sniper’s chance bullet
Or crippled with frost bitten feet.  

There are some say they’re anxious to get back
There are others who say they are not.
It is not that they care for the danger
Or are frightened that they will get shot. 

It’s the awful conditions you live in,
Midst the rain and the mud and the dirt.
Where you’d give a month’s pay for a square meal,
And twice that amount for a shirt.

No, I’m not at all anxious to go back,
But I’ll have to go that’s understood
So I’m willing and ready to go there
And if needs be to stop there for good. 

The poem’s author was William Fox Ritchie, born on 15th June 1887 in Bellshill, Lanarkshire, Scotland. William joined Princess Louise’s Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders in April 1909 and served in Malta and India. With the outbreak of war he served in Flanders where he suffered from frostbite and, in 1915, was invalided home.

Perhaps as his poem suggests, William felt compelled to return to active service. In 1917 he volunteered and joined 12th Battalion of the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders in Salonika.  Serjeant William F. Ritchie was killed in action at the Grand Couronne, Salonika on 12th September 1918.  He is buried at Doiran Military Cemetery where his inscription reads, Until the day break and the shadows flee away.

Source: https://livesofthefirstworldwar.iwm.org.uk/lifestory/3753074

A Date With Destiny …

Whilst looking through ‘The Mosquito’ – an excellent resource and good value, too! – I came across a recipe for a date and walnut cake from June 1939 (No. 46, page 49). I’m no baker, but I do like pottering in the kitchen. Admittedly it’s mainly to listen to history podcasts, but I can turn out a reasonable tea loaf, so thought this would be within my capabilities. The opportunity came when we were given a bag of fresh walnuts so, with just some stoned dates to buy, I was off!

I know the recipe says ‘Walnut and Date Cake’ but I think ‘Date and Walnut’ trips off the tongue more readily!

Ingredients

  • 1 lb stoned dates;
  • 2 ozs walnuts – I put in 3 ozs as I had them and 2 ozs didn’t look much next to a pound of dates!
  • 2 teacups of boiling water (bare measure) – I have no idea what this means but two measures of one of our posh teacups did the trick!
  • 1½ teacups of sugar – I don’t have a very sweet tooth and given that a pound of dates is rather sweet I put in a little under a teacup of Demerara, which was fine;
  • 4 teacups of plain flour – I ended up shaking in a bit more because the mixture looked rather gloopy!
  • 2 teaspoons of bicarbonate of soda;
  • 2 beaten eggs;
  • ½ teaspoon of salt.

Method

  • Chop dates and walnuts – I went quite small; this was the most tedious part of the operation but, with a good podcast to listen to, the job was soon done;
  • place the dates and walnuts in a bowl and add salt, bicarbonate of soda, then boiling water;
  • allow to stand for two minutes;
  • add sugar, flour and the beaten eggs – stirring thoroughly;
  • ‘Will make two cakes or loaves’ – not very precise guidance from the recipe so I got out a selection of baking tins and guessed how far the mixture would go – greasing them with butter and lining with greaseproof paper before pouring in the mixture; these are the sizes I ended up with …

Pip, Squeak and Wilfred!

  • ‘Bake in moderate oven for 1 to 1½ hours’ – our fan oven did them in about 45 minutes at 180℃; I checked they were done by poking with a skewer to see if there was any uncooked mixture lurking (thanks for the tip, Mrs B!).

I have to say they were a great success and there is very little left after a week. I shall definitely be making this again.

So, thanks to the Salonika Reunion Association and, especially, Aileen H. Moore (late of QAIMNS (R)) for a super little recipe shared in the ‘Women’s Pages’ of ‘The Mosquito’ over 70 years ago!

They shall grow not old …

Pillar Hill Cemetery, Doiran Front, Salonika. © IWM Q 64343

Allied war cemeteries at Monastir, the cemetery in the foreground is French, 17 January 1917. © IWM Q 78321

An Austro-Hungarian mule train passing by a monument to German and Bulgarian dead. The inscription reads “Our Heroes” in German and Cyrillic alphabet. © IWM Q 86225

A German military cemetery near Cericani, Bosnia and Hercegovina, 1917. The nearest grave belongs to Oberjager F. K. Muller of the 3rd Company, Guard-Schutzen Battalion, died on 22 July 1917. © IWM Q 86565

A military cemetery of Austro-Hungarian prisoners near Uskub (Skopje), 1917. Note a cross with a word “Swabia”, frequently written on other crosses. © IWM Q 86467

… we will remember them!

Remembrance

With Bonfire Night a rather damp memory we are now very firmly in the season of remembrance, although for our Society remembrance of the achievements, suffering and sacrifice of the British Salonika Force – and associated organisations, individuals and even animals in the campaign – is ongoing and not restricted to a specific time of year. Even so, members and friends will be gathering at war memorials across the country and at CWGC cemeteries further afield in the coming week.

I’ve long been fascinated by war memorials, which come in different shapes and styles: the one where I grew up (Barnet) has a splendid ‘winged victory’, but as she’s topless it was a bit embarrassing!; my local one (Dereham, Norfolk) is a sober Cenotaph lookalike; Bishop’s Stortford memorial once caught my eye because it has items of soldiers’ kit carved in stone; I rather like the one in Cambridge, showing a fully equipped ‘Tommy’ swinging along in fine style with victors’ laurels slung on his rifle. I think, though, that my favourite is in Rawtenstall, Lancashire.

I have mentioned it before, but make no excuse for including it again. What makes it so interesting is that it isn’t just about the army, or even the wider armed services in the First World War, nor is it dedicated to ‘The Glorious Dead’ alone, but has a much wider dedication. Entitled Tribute of Honour, it reads as follows:

To the men who made the supreme sacrifice, to the men who came back and to those who worked at home to win safety for the Empire. 1914-1918.

No mention of women specifically in the dedication, but they certainly feature in the friezes around the base of the memorial, which I shared with you on an International Women’s Day. For this remembrance season here are all the friezes, showing many aspects of the war effort at home and overseas.

We will remember them all.

Directory of WW1 Websites


Canada’s contribution to the First World War cannot be underestimated. More than 650,000 Canadians and Newfoundlanders served in the war with 66,000 killed and over 172,000 wounded. Such was the contribution, Canada had its own signature on the Treaty of Versailles. In Salonika, Canadian medical services provided care at Nos. 4 and 5 General Hospitals, and Nos. 1 and 3 Stationary Hospitals (see this earlier post).  It’s of no surprise therefore that Canadians continue to research this significant period of their history.

One such research group is the CEF Study Group – an Internet discussion forum for the study, sharing of information and discussion related to the Canadian Expeditionary Force (CEF) in the Great War.

The CEF Study Group has just published its 2022 ‘List of Recommended Great War Websites’. Our own site is included among a directory of 2000+ websites, grouped into 31 logical sections. We are described thus: “This very detailed and multi-layered Blog site has numerous theme ‘buttons’ which take the reader deeper into the topic. Site is mature and very well organized.” (A recognition of former editor Robin Braysher’s work, I should add).

Readers may well find this a useful resource for research. The directory can be downloaded here.

Winter Webinars 2 – with Alan Wakefield

Online Talk and Live Q&A with Alan Wakefield
‘Britain’s Forgotten Army in Salonika’

Streaming Live: 7pm, 27th October 2022

Alan Wakefield’s talk will focus on two battalions of the Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry which gained for the Regiment the battle honours Doiran 1917-18 and Macedonia 1915-18. Using first-hand accounts, Salonika Campaign Society Chair Alan Wakefield will paint a vivid picture of life for the British Army in Salonika.

This talk is hosted by the Soldiers of Oxfordshire Museum. It is free to view, but please consider making a donation to support the work of the museum.

Click HERE for the talk – 7pm on Thursday 27th October 2022.

Featured image source: Soldiers of Oxfordshire Museum. Men of 8th (Service) Battalion Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry, photographed while building a POW camp, shovels still in hand.

Winter Webinars

Now that winter evenings are setting in, why not watch and participate in an online webinar? The Western Front Association (WFA) and The Gallipoli Association are offering the following online talks in October and November:

1. The Western Front Association

Monday 31 October – The Flying Sikh – Hardit Singh Malik, the RFC and the First World War
From his arrival in the UK alone in 1908 as a fourteen-year-old, to Balliol College, Oxford and into the Royal Flying Corps during the First World War, Hardit Singh Malik lived an extraordinary life, often in the face of great adversity, yet always with charm and good humour. He played cricket for Sussex and was an Oxford blue in golf, playing with the Prince of Wales.
This presentation by Stephen Barker describes Hardit Singh Malik’s fascinating story.
To register for this webinar, click here: The Flying Sikh

Monday 7 November – The Coal Black Sea: Winston Churchill and the Worst Naval Catastrophe of the First World War
On the morning of 22 September 1914, just six weeks into the First World War, three Royal Navy armoured cruisers were sunk by a German U-boat in the southern North Sea. The action lasted less than 90 minutes but the lives of 1,459 men and boys were lost – more than the British losses at the Battle of Trafalgar or in the sinking of RMS Lusitania. Yet, curiously, few have ever heard of the incident.
Using a range of official and archival records, Stuart Heaver exposes this false narrative and corrects over a century of misinformation to honour those who lost their lives in the worst naval catastrophe of the First World War. 
To register for this webinar, click here: The Coal Black Sea

Monday 14 November – Investigating the Australians at Pozieres
The victorious capture of the village of Pozieres on 23 July 1916 won the 1st Anzac Corps a reputation as a competent and polished formation, but a closer examination of ongoing activity along the Pozieres Ridge indicates that this is anything but the case. The lessons learned were deeply flawed, and indicative of the desperate nature of fighting on the Somme.
Dr Meleah Hampton was until recently a historian in the Military History Section, Australian War Memorial. She is a graduate of the University of Adelaide and completed her PhD with a thesis on the 1916 battles for Pozières and Mouquet Farm. Her primary interest is in the operational conduct of the First World War on the Western Front. 
To register for this webinar, click here: Investigating the Australians at Pozieres

Monday 28 November  – The Searchers: The Quest for the Lost of the First World War
By the end of the First World War, the whereabouts of more than half a million British soldiers were unknown. Most were presumed dead, lost forever under the battlefields of northern France and Flanders.
In this webinar, Robert Sackville-West brings together the extraordinary, moving accounts of those who dedicated their lives to the search for the missing. These stories reveal the remarkable lengths to which people will go to give meaning to their loss and the exhumation and reburial in military cemeteries of hundreds of thousands of bodies.
To register for this webinar, click here: The Searchers

To participate in the WFA webinars, you will need to register via the links above.

2. The Gallipoli Association

Wednesday 26 October – Gallipoli gallantry: Consistent courage, inconsistent recognition
In re-examining some of the most celebrated Victoria Cross actions of the 1915 Dardanelles campaign Stephen Snelling will look at the bureaucracy behind some of the awards as well as the erratic nature of some of the medals distributed. What his research has revealed is that bravery was not enough on its own to earn the highest honour. Determination and persistence on the part of those seeking to recognise acts of valour was often equally important.
Based in Norfolk, Stephen been a writer/ journalist for nearly 50 years, working variously as a sports editor, features editor and magazine editor. He is the author of eight books including one on the Victoria Cross recipients of the Gallipoli campaign and, most recently, a study of the V Beach landings, The Wooden Horse of Gallipoli.

Tuesday 29 November – 42nd Division at Gallipoli
A talk by author, Paul Knight on the 42nd Territorial Division at Gallipoli, and their exploits at Helles.

Gallipoli Association talks are free to GA members, but guests and the general public are encouraged to join the Association or make a small donation. To reserve a place, please email: education@gallipoli-association.org or warwickfus@btinternet.com

Featured image source: IWM – Lives of the First World War

Malta – the ‘Nurse of the Mediterranean’

According to one contemporary writer, Malta “…assumed the role of nurse, and her breakwaters seem like arms stretched out to receive her burden of suffering. Once the hospital ship has passed within their shelter the rolling ceases, and the wounded feel that they have reached a haven of rest.” So wrote the Rev. Albert MacKinnon in 1916 in “Malta: The Nurse of the Mediterranean” – an early reference to the soubriquet by which the island came to be known during the First World War.

As the war in France began to grind into stalemate, other fronts opened in the Dardenelles and Gallipoli, with disastrous consequences for the allied forces. The scale of casualties was unprecedented and required an urgent response,

“That Malta should become the home of one of the British Empire’s largest systems of war hospitals was not anticipated in the early months of the war. It was not until May 1915 that the first badly wounded casualties from the Gallipoli campaign started to pour into Malta. The first convoy of 600 patients arrived on May 4, followed by a further 400 a day later, and on May 6 another 600 cases were brought ashore. Before the end of May, upward of 4,000 casualties from the Gallipoli campaign had reached Malta…The end of May saw the number of hospital beds catering for the sick and injured rise to over 6,000 in 14 hospitals spread all over the island.” Source: Times of Malta

In Salonika, a hostile climate and serious illness – mainly malaria – were the principle cause of casualties. Malta again provided an immediate solution,

“After January 1916, the number of sick and wounded fell very considerably with the scaling down of the Gallipoli campaign, only to rise again with a vengeance in the summer of 1916, as the Salonika campaign proceeded. However, the number of hospital beds remained in the region of 25,000, and reached a maximum of 25,522 housed in 27 hospitals by April 1917. The number of sick patients, suffering mainly from “dysentery and enteric group of diseases”, always exceeded the number admitted with war wounds. With the end of the Gallipoli campaign and the start of the Salonika campaign in October 1915, this trend in admissions became even more marked as a result of a rush of malaria cases from Salonika. Up until April 30, 1917, Cottonera, a mixed hospital catering for both the sick and injured, received 2,867 sick but only 308 wounded.” Source: Times of Malta

Malta’s strategic location in the Mediterranean – and its history as a British Protectorate – made it an important naval base for the British and, together with its climate, also an important place of rest and healing. But it was also hundreds of miles from Salonika and by April 1917, increasing submarine attacks on hospital ships made it unsafe to continue evacuating casualties to Malta from Salonica. Five General Hospitals, Nos 61, 62, 63, 64 and 65 were therefore mobilized at Malta for duty in Salonica, arriving on 11 July 1917. Malta’s role as the ‘nurse of the Mediterranean’ had, effectively, ended. Source: MaltaRAMC

Further Reading

Featured image: Times of Malta